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Adolescence: Contemporary Issues and Resources

Assessment Description: DUE FEB 15

TOPIC: Adolescence: Contemporary Issues and Resources

Research the range of contemporary issues teenagers face today. Select one issue (besides teen pregnancy) a teenager might come to discuss with a nurse in a health clinic at a local high school. In a 600-word paper include the following:

  1. Describe the contemporary issue and explain what external stressors are associated with this issue.
  2. Identify specific questions or assessment tool would you use to screen for this issue.
  3. Outline strategies you, the nurse, would use to establish a therapeutic relationship with the teenager.
  4. Define the legal and ethical parameters regarding what you can and cannot share with the parent or guardian.
  5. Identify specific support options you will provide for your patient and/or their family to access? Include the contact information for the support option.

You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the past 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

Contemporary Issue and Associated External Stressors

15 points

Criteria Description

A description of the contemporary issue and explanation of what external stressors are associated with the issue are provided.

5. Target

15 points

A thorough and accurate description of the contemporary issue and explanation of what external stressors are associated with the issue are present.

Assessment Strategies to Screen for the Issue and External Stressors

10 points

Criteria Description

Identification of the assessment tool or specific questions used to screen for the issue.

5. Target

10 points

Identification of the assessment tool or specific questions used to screen for the issue is thorough.

Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship

15 points

Criteria Description

An outline of strategies to establish a therapeutic relationship with the client.

5. Target

15 points

An outline of strategies to establish a therapeutic relationship with the client is thorough.

Ethical and Legal Parameters

20 points

Criteria Description

Definition of the ethical and legal parameters regarding what can and cannot be shared with the parent or guardian.

5. Target

20 points

Definition of the ethical and legal parameters regarding what can and cannot be shared with the parent or guardian is thorough.

Support Options for Adolescents and Family

10 points

Criteria Description

Identification of specific support options for the client and family to access, including contact information for the support options.

5. Target

10 points

Identification of specific support options for the client and family to access, including contact information for the support options is thorough.

Thesis, Position, or Purpose

7 points

Criteria Description

Communicates reason for writing and demonstrates awareness of audience.

5. Target

7 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is clearly communicated throughout and clearly directed to a specific audience.

Development, Structure, and Conclusion

7 points

Criteria Description

Advances position or purpose throughout writing; conclusion aligns to and evolves from development.

5. Target

7 points

The thesis, position, or purpose is advanced in most aspects. Ideas clearly build on each other. Conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.

Evidence

6 points

Criteria Description

Selects and integrates evidence to support and advance position/purpose; considers other perspectives.

5. Target

6 points

Specific and appropriate evidence is included. Relevant perspectives of others are clearly considered.

Mechanics of Writing

6 points

Criteria Description

Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc.

5. Target

6 points

No mechanical errors are present. Appropriate language choice and sentence structure are used throughout.

Format/Documentation

4 points

Criteria Description

Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline.

5. Target

4 points

No errors in formatting or documentation are present

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Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child

Topic: Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child

This topic will focus on children and how to assess for and address their developmental needs. The Search Institute is a nonprofit organization that conducts and applies research to promote positive youth development. In 1994, the Search Institute published “What Kids Need to Succeed” with 40 Developmental Assets for raising children. Please review the 40 Developmental Assets documents located in topic Resources.

you will create a plan using the nursing process (Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation [ADPIE]) that will focus on the given age group: 12 to 18 years – Adolescents

Use the attached template based on your assigned age group to successfully complete the assignment from the perspective of a nurse working at your state’s Department of Human Services.

You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the past 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion..

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education

This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 1.1, 1.3.

RUBRIC

Assessment

18 points

Criteria Description

Summary of the relevant data obtained during assessment about the patient’s health status, including physical, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and economic factors that are affecting the patient.

5. Target

18 points

Summary of the relevant data obtained during assessment about the patient’s health status, including physical, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and economic factors that are affecting the patient is thorough.

Diagnosis: Part 1

9 points

Criteria Description

Determination of two components of the Developmental Assets that need to be addressed for this patient.

5. Target

9 points

Determination of two components of the Developmental Assets that need to be addressed for this patient is thorough.

Diagnosis: Part 2

9 points

Criteria Description

Definition of two components selected and explanation of rationale for selecting the two components.

5. Target

9 points

Definition of two components selected and explanation of rationale for selecting the two components is thorough.

Planning: Part 1

8 points

Criteria Description

Creation of plan of care for patient, taking into account their health problems and needs.

5. Target

8 points

Creation of plan of care for patient, taking into account their health problems and needs is thorough.

Planning: Part 2

8 points

Criteria Description

Description of how each of the two components of the Developmental Assets identified above would be addressed, including specific examples in recommendations and discussion.

5. Target

8 points

Description of how each of the two components of the Developmental Assets identified above would be addressed, including specific examples in recommendations and discussion is thorough.

Planning: Part 3

8 points

Criteria Description

Provision of at least one community resource for each of the selected Developmental Assets components.

5. Target

8 points

Provision of at least one community resource for each of the selected Developmental Assets components is thorough.

Planning: Part 4

8 points

Criteria Description

Discussion of how cultural or religious beliefs may impact the plan of care.

5. Target

8 points

Discussion of how cultural or religious beliefs may impact the plan of care is thorough.

Implementation

11 points

Criteria Description

Discussion of how the four metaparadigm concepts (person, environment, health, and nursing) support the implementation of plan of care

Evaluation

11 points

Criteria Description

Explanation of how the implementation of the plan of care would be evaluated to determine if it was effective.

5. Target

11 points

Explanation of how the implementation of the plan of care would be evaluated to determine if it was effective is thorough.

Mechanics of Writing

5 points

Criteria Description

Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc.

5. Target

5 points

No mechanical errors are present. Appropriate language choice and sentence structure are used throughout.

Format/Documentation

5 points

Criteria Description

Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline.

5. Target

5 points

No errors in formatting or documentation are present.

 

 

 

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Best Practices Linking Expenditures to Quality Outcomes

Your final product will be a 4 page research paper (excluding the title page and references), which must follow APA formatting. (I can do the title page)

 

This assignment is an opportunity to explore how healthcare expenditures influence quality outcomes and to examine evidence-based practices (EBP) that link financial investments to improved patient care. You will complete a literature search and integrate information from the two assigned readings with your findings.

 

https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/hospitals/linking-quality-to-payment (This is one of the assigned readings) 

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PICO Framework to Develop a Concept Map with Research Question

Objective: To assist students with enhancing their understanding of evidence-based practice by applying the PICO Framework to aid in developing a clinical concept that is pertinent to one of  your weaker areas identified on your 665L APEA  pre-predictor exam.

Instructions: Select a Mental Health Topic that you scored 30% or less on the APEA pre-predictor exam. Draft a research question applying the PICO model as the framework for this mental health topic; further expand on this mental health topic using the PICO model to formulate a concept map.

Students are required to extract 2 evidence-based research articles that are no more than 5 years old (upload them with your assignment submissions). Summarize the two research articles in 1 paragraph, in your own words (no more than 7 sentences).  Develop a concept map utilizing these 2 evidence-based articles using the PICO framework.

Submit your certificate of authenticity (see directions on page 30 of MSN Handbook). MSN can be found in the student learning corner module here in Canvas on your dashboard.

Submit your APEA Exam Diagnostic Results (show all categories and scores).

Here’s an example of a research question: Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy significantly more effective in treating adult patients with eating disorders verses antidepressants?

PICO Stands for:

Problem/Population/Patient

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

Example of PICO Format:

Problem/Patient/Population-Adult Female Patients with Eating Disorders

Intervention-  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy verses Fluoxetine

Comparison- Guideline identification for adults with Eating Disorders (this should be indicated in the research articles)

Outcome-Improvement of: self esteem/negative self comparison/self image/Improved quality of life (this should also be indicated in the research articles)

The video below gives a great example of utilizing PICO to refine your research question.   

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Community Outreach Department – Health and Environmental Safety Topics for First Year of Life

Community Outreach Department – Health and Environmental Safety Topics for First Year of Life

You are an RN working in the Community Outreach Department at Utopia Hospital. You have been asked to give a presentation at the local Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Nutrition program for a group of 15 expectant mothers and interested partners/spouses/caregivers. The WIC Coordinator has asked you to provide a presentation that will cover relevant health and environmental safety topics the parents should know for the first year of life.

In this assignment you will create a 14 slide PowerPoint for your presentation, with speaker notes. In developing your PowerPoint, take into consideration the health literacy level of your target audience, as well as the demographics of the expectant mothers and interested partners/spouses/caregivers (socioeconomic level, language, culture, and any other relevant characteristic of the caregiver) for which the presentation is tailored. Your presentation should be geared towards the community where you currently live (southside Chicago) taking into account local concerns that may be relevant to your presentation. Include the following in your presentation:

1.    Anticipated developmental milestones achieved in the first year of life.

2.    Safety in the home for an infant.

3.    Safety for the sleeping environment.

4.    Food and nutrition safety.

5.    When to call your pediatrician or doctor.

Interventions and guidance should be supported by evidence-based sources. You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the past 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

Refer to the resource, “Creating Effective PowerPoint Presentations,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education

This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 2.2, 2.5, 3.1.

RUBRIC

·       first year of life development milestones

A description of the anticipated development milestones achieved in the first year of life is thorough and accurate.

·       Home safety

Description of safety promotion in the home for an infant is thorough and accurate.

·       sleeping environment safety

Description of a safe sleeping environment for the infant is thorough and accurate.

·       food and nutrition safety

Description of food and nutrition safety for the infant is thorough and accurate.

·       pediatrician or doctor call

Description of when to call the pediatrician or doctor is thorough and accurate.

·       evidence-based Interventions and suggestions

Interventions and suggestions from evidence-based research are thorough and accurate.

·       Appropriateness for health promotion for patients, caregivers or situations

Consideration of the health care literacy level and demographics of the caregiver, as well as focus to local community concerns when developing the presentation for the target audience. The presentation is insightfully tailored to the health care literacy level and demographics of the caregiver, as well as local community concerns, for the target audience.

·       Presentation of Content

The content is written clearly and concisely. Ideas universally progress and relate to each other. The project includes motivating questions and advanced organizers. The project gives the audience a clear sense of the main idea.

·       Visual Appeal

Appropriate and thematic graphic elements are used to make visual connections that contribute to the understanding of concepts, ideas, and relationships. Differences in type size and color are used well and consistently. The presentation has strong visual appeal and is developed with the intended audience in mind.

·       Aesthetic Quality

Design is clean. Skillful handling of text and visuals creates a distinctive and effective presentation. Overall, effective and functional audio, text, or visuals are evident.

·       mechanical writing

Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc. No mechanical errors are present. Appropriate language choice and sentence structure are used throughout.

·       Format/documentation

Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline. No errors in formatting or documentation are present.

 

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What Is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder also known as PTSD is the mental disorder that can occur with, or under the threat of death, sexual violence and severe injury. PTSD can also be experienced by people who have witnessed a distressing event. These traumatic events could be natural disaster, a grave accident, an act of terrorism, war/fighting or violation.

Most people who go through traumatic events may have temporary difficulty adjusting and coping, but with time and good self-care, they usually get better. If the symptoms get worse, last for months or even years, and interfere with your day-to-day functioning, you may have PTSD.

People with PTSD have intense, disturbing thoughts and sentiments long after the trauma has ended. They can look back, remember the event, feel sorrow, fear or anger and they usually isolate themselves from others. PTSD individuals can prevent or remind people of trauma and can react severely to a loud noise or accident.

A diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder requires exposure to an upsetting traumatic event. However, the exposure could be indirect rather than first hand. For example, PTSD could occur in an individual learning about the violent death of a close family or friend. It can also occur as a result of repeated exposure to horrible details of trauma such as police officers exposed to details of child abuse cases.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder fall into four categories. Specific symptoms can vary in severity.

  1. Intrusion: Intrusive thoughts such as repeated, involuntary memories; distressing dreams; or flashbacks of the traumatic event. Flashbacks may be so vivid that people feel they are re-living the traumatic experience or seeing it before their eyes.
  2. Avoidance: Avoiding reminders of the traumatic event may include avoiding people, places, activities, objects and situations that may trigger distressing memories. People may try to avoid remembering or thinking about the traumatic event. They may resist talking about what happened or how they feel about it.
  3. Alterations in cognition and mood: Inability to remember important aspects of the traumatic event, negative thoughts and feelings leading to ongoing and distorted beliefs about oneself or others (e.g., “I am bad,” “No one can be trusted”); distorted thoughts about the cause or consequences of the event leading to wrongly blaming self or other; ongoing fear, horror, anger, guilt or shame; much less interest in activities previously enjoyed; feeling detached or estranged from others; or being unable to experience positive emotions (a void of happiness or satisfaction).
  4. Alterations in arousal and reactivity: Arousal and reactive symptoms may include being irritable and having angry outbursts; behaving recklessly or in a self-destructive way; being overly watchful of one’s surroundings in a suspecting way; being easily startled; or having problems concentrating or sleeping.

Many people who are exposed to a traumatic event experience symptoms similar to those described above in the days following the event. For a person to be diagnosed with PTSD, however, symptoms must last for more than a month and must cause significant distress or problems on the individual’s daily functioning. Many individuals develop symptoms within three months of the trauma, but symptoms may appear later and often persist for months and sometimes years. post-traumatic stress disorder often occurs with other related conditions, such as depression, substance use, memory problems and other physical and mental health problems.

Intensity of symptoms

PTSD symptoms can vary in intensity over time. You may have more PTSD symptoms when you’re stressed in general, or when you come across reminders of what you went through. For example, you may hear a car backfire and relive combat experiences. Or you may see a report on the news about a sexual assault and feel overcome by memories of your own assault.

When to see a doctor

If you have disturbing thoughts and feelings about a traumatic event for more than a month, if they’re severe, or if you feel you’re having trouble getting your life back under control, talk to your doctor or a mental health professional. Getting treatment as soon as possible can help prevent PTSD symptoms from getting worse.

Related Conditions

Acute Stress Disorder

Acute stress disorder occurs in reaction to a traumatic event, just as PTSD does, and the symptoms are similar. However, the symptoms occur between three days and one month after the event. People with acute stress disorder may relive the trauma, have flashbacks or nightmares and may feel numb or detached from themselves.  These symptoms cause major distress and problems in their daily lives. About half of people with acute stress disorder go on to have PTSD.

An estimated 13 to 21 percent of survivors of car accidents develop acute stress disorder and between 20 and 50 percent of survivors of assault, rape or mass shootings develop it.

Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavior therapy can help control symptoms and help prevent them from getting worse and developing into post-traumatic stress disorder.  Medication, such as SSRI antidepressants can help ease the symptoms.

Adjustment disorder

Adjustment disorder occurs in response to a stressful life event or events. The emotional or behavioral symptoms a person experiences in response to the stressor are generally more severe or more intense than what would be reasonably expected for the type of event that occurred.

Symptoms can include feeling tense, sad or hopeless; withdrawing from other people; acting defiantly or showing impulsive behavior; or physical manifestations like tremors, palpitations, and headaches. The symptoms cause significant distress or problems functioning in important areas of someone’s life, for example, at work, school or in social interactions. Symptoms of adjustment disorders begin within three months of a stressful event and last no longer than six months after the stressor or its consequences have ended.

The stressor may be a single event such as a romantic breakup, or there may be more than one event with a cumulative effect. Stressors may be recurring or continuous such as an ongoing painful illness with increasing disability. Stressors may affect a single individual, an entire family, or a larger group or community for example, in the case of a natural disaster.

An estimated 5% to 20% of individuals in outpatient mental health treatment have a principal diagnosis of adjustment disorder. A recent study found that more than 15% of adults with cancer had adjustment disorder. It is typically treated with psychotherapy.  

Disinhibited social engagement disorder

Disinhibited social engagement disorder occurs in children who have experienced severe social neglect or deprivation before the age of 2. Similar to reactive attachment disorder, it can occur when children lack the basic emotional needs for comfort, stimulation and affection, or when repeated changes in caregivers (such as frequent foster care changes) prevent them from forming stable attachments.

Disinhibited social engagement disorder involves a child engaging in overly familiar or culturally inappropriate behavior with unfamiliar adults. For example, the child may be willing to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or no hesitation. These behaviors cause problems in the child’s ability to relate to adults and peers. Moving the child to a normal caregiving environment improves the symptoms. However, even after placement in a positive environment, some children continue to have symptoms through adolescence. Developmental delays, especially cognitive and language delays, may co-occur along with the disorder.

The prevalence of disinhibited social engagement disorder is unknown, but it is thought to be rare. Most severely neglected children do not develop the disorder. Treatment involves the child and family working with a therapist to strengthen their relationship.   

Reactive attachment disorder

Reactive attachment disorder occurs in children who have experienced severe social neglect or deprivation during their first years of life. It can occur when children lack the basic emotional needs for comfort, stimulation and affection, or when repeated changes in caregivers (such as frequent foster care changes) prevent them from forming stable attachments.

Children with reactive attachment disorder are emotionally withdrawn from their adult caregivers. They rarely turn to caregivers for comfort, support or protection or do not respond to comforting when they are distressed. During routine interactions with caregivers, they show little positive emotion and may show unexplained fear or sadness. The problems appear before age 5. Developmental delays, especially cognitive and language delays, often occur along with the disorder.

Reactive attachment disorder is uncommon, even in severely neglected children. Treatment involves the child and family working with a therapist to strengthen their relationship.

What are the main causes of cancer in the US?

Cancer is an abnormal development of the cells. Despite the fact that there’s restriction of space, shared nutrients by other cells, or body signals which are being sent from the body to stop reproduction, cancer cells reproduce rapidly.  Cancer cells often differ from healthy cells, do not function properly and can spread to many parts of the body. So tumors are group of cells that grow rapidly and they keep dividing. This makes it hard to control. 

What are the Causes of Cancer?

The cause of cancer hasn’t been established yet. Scientists believe that cancer is caused jointly by the interaction of many factors. The factors may be genetic, environmental or constitutional features of the person.

Childhood cancer diagnoses, therapies and prognosis differ from adult cancers. Diagnosis Survival rate and the cause of the cancer are the main differences. The overall survival rate for childhood cancer for five years is around 80%, while for adult cancers it is 68%. It is thought that this difference is because childhood cancer is more therapeutic and a child can accept more aggressive therapy.

In stem cells, simple cells that produce other special cells that the body needs, children can develop cancers. Sporadic (accidental) cell changes or mutations are the common cause of childhood cancer. In adults, the type of cell that becomes cancerous is usually the epithelial cell. Epithelial cells line the body cavity and cover the corpse’s surface. Over time, due to environmental exposures, cancer was present in these cells. Adult cancers are sometimes called acquired for this reason.

The Risk Factors of Cancer

Repeated exposures or risk factors, especially in adults, have been linked with some cancers. The probability of a person developing a condition can be increased by a risk factor. However, a risk factor does not necessarily reduce the body’s disease resistance. The following factors and mechanisms have been suggested as a contribution to cancer:

  • Lifestyle factors. The tobacco consumption, a high-fat diet and toxic chemical substances are examples of lifestyle choices that may risk some adult cancers. Most cancer children are, however, too young for long-term exposure to these lifestyle factors. 
  • Family history, heritage and genetics can play an important role in certain childhood cancers. A family may be more than once affected by cancer of different forms. If the disease is caused by genetic mutation, exposure to chemicals near the home of a family, combining or just coincidence, it is not known.
  • Certain genetic conditions. The immune system is a complex system that helps to prevent infection and disease in our bodies. Cells that later mature and work as part of the immune system are produced by the bone marrow. There is one theory that the cells in the bone marrow, or stem cells, become damaged or faulty, so that they become abnormal cells or cancer cells when reproduced in order to produce more cells. An inherited genetical defect or exposure to a virus or toxin might be responsible for the defect in the stem cells.
  • Specific virus exposures. An increasing risk of developing certain childhood cancers such as Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was associated with the Epstein-Barm virus and HIV, the virus causing AIDS. Perhaps the virus will somehow alter a cell. This cell then reproduces a modified cell and ultimately becomes a cancer cell that reproduces more cancer cells.
  • Environmental exposures. For a direct link with childhood cancer, pesticides, fertilizers and power lines have been investigated. In some neighborhoods and/or towns, cancer has been shown in unrelated children. It is unknown whether or not an exposure to these agents is prenatal or infant that causes cancer or is a coincidence.

Some forms of chemical treatment and radiation with high doses. In certain cases, children exposed to these agents may later in life develop a second malignancy. These high levels of cancer may alter cells and/or the immune system. A second malignancy is a cancer caused by a different cancer therapy.

How Is Cancer Diagnosed?

No single test can diagnose cancer accurately. A thorough history and physical examination together with diagnostic tests usually require a thorough evaluation. Many tests are necessary if a person has cancer or if a different condition (e.g. an infection) imitates cancer symptoms.

Effective diagnostic tests are used to confirm or eliminate disease, monitor the disease process and plan and evaluate treatment efficacy. Repeated tests need to be done in some cases if a person’s condition has been changed, the sample taken is not good or the test result is abnormal.

Circumstances can include imaging, laboratory tests, tumor biopsy, endoscopic exams, operations and/or genetic tests. Cancer diagnostics can be a result of cancer testing.

Cancer diagnosis methods:

  • Lab tests
  • Diagnostic imaging
  • Endoscopic exams
  • Genetic tests
  • Tumor biopsies

Types of lab tests used to diagnose cancer

Clinical chemistry uses chemical processes to measure body fluid and tissue levels of chemical components. Blood and urine are the most common examples of clinical chemistry.

Nearly every type of chemical component in the blood or urine is detected and measured in many different tests. Blood glucose, electrolytes, enzymes, hormones, lipids (fats), other metabolism and proteins may also be included in these components.

Diagnostic imaging

The development of new techniques and instruments that can better detect and help patients avoid surgery has made a great deal of progress in diagnostic radiology in recent years.

Diagnostic radiology personnel and doctors at the Stanford Cancer Centre are leaders in their field and have access to today’s most advanced cancer imagery technology.

Indeed, our doctors’ expertise is so well known that we are proud to be a reference center, so that outside the doctors can send our staff complex or borderline images and be expertly interpreted for their patients.

The Cancer Center was developed to improve the delivery of radiology diagnostics in addition to advanced instruments and experienced personnel. For example we have consolidated imagery workstations in one room to compare images from multiple sources for mammogram, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

This unprecedented simultaneous cross-platform ensures that all the relevant data are available when your physician takes important care choices.

What are the different types of diagnostic imaging?

Imaging is the process of making valuable photos of organ and body structures. Tumors and other abnormalities can be detected, the extent of the disease determined and treatment efficacy evaluated. Imaging can also be used for biopsies and other operations. There are three image types used for cancer diagnosis: imagery transmission, imagery reflection and imagery emission. Each process differs from the other.

Transmission imaging

Radiological examinations with images generated through transmission include X-rays, computed Tomography scans (CT scans), and fluoroscopy. A beam of high-energy photons is created in transmission imaging and passed through the body structure. The beam passes through less dense tissue types as watery secretions, blood, and fat very quickly, and leaves the X-ray film with a darkened area. Gray appearance of muscle, connective tissue (ligaments, tendons, and cartilage). Bones are going to look white.

Reflection imaging

Reflection imaging refers to the type of picture produced by transmitting high frequency sounds to the studied body or organ. These sound waves “bounce,” depending on the density of the tissue, off different types of body tissue and structure at varying speeds. Bounced sonic waves are sent to a computer which analyzes the sound waves and gives the body part or structure a visual image.

Emission imaging

Emissions imaging takes place when the scanner is employed to detect or analyze nuclear or magnetic particles that are minute and to make a picture of the body or organ being examined. For the testing of the body’s nuclear substances, nuclear medicine uses nuclear particulates emissions specifically. Radio waves are used by the MRI to develop a strong magnetic field, so that a cell emits its own frequencies.

Cancer Treatment

Depending on the medical condition and type of cancer of individuals, cancer is treated in several ways. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are common treatments. Other treatments include operations and biological treatments.

Treatment is a process that is designed to meet your needs for many people with cancer. Doctors plan their treatments for the type and stage of cancer and their age, health and lifestyle, according to several key factors.

It is important for you to know that you have been diagnosed with cancer that you play a major part in the treatment process. Input, questions and treatment concerns can help to make treatment a better experience.

Cancer treatment terms you should know

Combined modality therapy: a term used by doctors to describe a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy when treating a patient with more than one treatment.

Adjuvant therapy: a term used to describe a patient’s treatment when physicians choose more than one treatment. The term adjuvant therapy however is used more especially to describe treatment following the completion of primary cancer therapy to improve the chance of healing. For example, the doctor may prescribe one or more additional treatments if he/she wants to treat cancer cells that may be present.

Neoadjuvant therapy: A term used to describe the use of more than one therapy by doctors to treat a patient. Neoadjuvant therapy is used more specifically in the description of cancer therapy prior to basic therapy, either to kill all cancer cells and to make primary therapy more effective.

Ways in which Nurses Deal with Difficult Co-workers

Regardless of where you work, there consistently are by all accounts those coworkers who are hard to manage. We’ve all dealt with challenging colleagues—that person who frustrates you so much that you feel like you want to pull your hair out. The key is learning to deal with them in a way that benefits both you and the organization.

Difficult people are found in every single workplace. Difficult people come in every variety that you can imagine. But, how difficult a person is for you to deal with depends a lot on such factors as your self-esteem, your self-confidence, how closely you must work with them on a daily basis, and your professional courage.

Dealing with difficult people is easier when the person is just generally obnoxious or when the behavior affects more than one person. You can team together to address the behavior or inform management and Human Resources staff to get help addressing the employee issue before it spirals into negativity.

Now and then, that coworker even transforms into a bully, and that can influence your work execution and confidence when all you need to do it get along and take care of business. On the off chance that you let it go, you can end up losing your temper, and that could affect you professionally. Be that as it may, there are a few different ways you can get along or defuse the circumstance to make life simpler at work. Nurses feel uncomfortable being around colleagues and start to avoid interacting with them. This in turn creates distrust in the workplace. These negative interactions can lead nurses to misinterpret behavioral cues and personalize information as harmful, causing even more anxiety and distraction from patient care.

Here are a couple of tips that can help:

Tips to Help Nurses Deal with Co-workers

1) Identify the issue

Is the issue with the associate a mix of you and them, or is the issue exclusively their duty? On the off chance that the associate is ‘poisonous’ in any capacity, figure out how to perceive what their identity is, the thing that circumstances set off their undesirable conduct and in what ways you can try not to take the issue further.

2) Be the greater individual

Transcending a hazardous circumstance is difficult to do, yet basic at work. As disappointing as a circumstance and coworker might be, hold your feelings and activities under wraps. You would prefer not to be the individual at work that is known for going ballistic or getting disturbed, so attempt and transcend issues with associates and be the greater individual.

3) Be prepared

Do issues consistently emerge when you work on activities? When you’re in gatherings with the associate? Perceive the circumstances where issues emerge and be intellectually ready for the issues. Setting yourself up for these circumstances can keep you from an upheaval or following up on your feelings. You can’t handle the coworker, yet you can handle yourself and your capacity to deal with the circumstance.

4) Address the issue

Despite the fact that, it very well might be awkward, if issues continue long enough that the quality or efficiency of your work is influenced, you need to address the issue. Moving toward them outside of the contention or issue when there isn’t feeling included will no doubt get the best outcome. Talk smoothly and express how you feel and how their conduct at work is meddling with yours.

5) Involve a third party

In the event that 1-4 have ceaselessly fizzled and issues with your colleague actually exist, address your supervisor about it. Maybe you can be moved to another group, an alternate region of the structure or your supervisor can help address the issue.

6. Have an Exit Strategy

Having a reason to move away from a troublesome associate can help. Regardless of whether concocting a call you need to make, work you need to do immediately or another reason, invest as meager energy with the harmful coworker as could be expected. At the point when individuals acknowledge they aren’t being tuned in to, they surrender.

7. Keep Your Co-Worker’s Problem Hidden

You don’t need your character addressed, so keep up your cool when confronted with an issue associate. Griping to others in the workplace may get you marked as a difficult yourself, so hold any grumbling down to those in your family or a dear companion outside the workplace. Opening up to the world about complaints is consistently an impractical notion.

8. A Friend Can’t Be an Enemy

While it doesn’t work in all cases, being inviting however not excessively amicable to a troublesome associate can create positive outcomes. On the off chance that the issue is tattle, having a neighborly discussion can sort things out. On the off chance that, then again, the colleague is attempting to assume praise for work you have done, you can tell your manager in advance that you are chipping away at a specific part of a task, so you will get the credit.

9. Communicate Honestly, Openly, and Privately

Whenever possible, communicate directly with your challenging colleague. Have this conversation in an appropriate place and time—not, for example, at a patient’s bedside or busy nursing station.

When talking with the person, remain calm, open-minded, and curious. Take the view that you are approaching this conversation with two main goals:

  • To express how their behavior affects you, and
  • To understand where they are coming from.

Avoid assuming bad intent—many of us simply aren’t aware of the impact or impression we’re making on others. This person may be more open to productive and constructive feedback than you may think, especially if it’s delivered in a direct yet non-accusatory way.

Self-care may be essential here. Rehearse the conversation in your mind, practice some deep breathing beforehand, and ultimately take care of your own mental and physical well-being. It’ll make you a better communicator as well as a better colleague.

10. Communicate With Appropriate People When Necessary

If a rude co-worker is affecting patient care it’s time to speak up. This is certainly one of the biggest ways how to deal with rude co-workers as a nurse. Nothing should impact patient care. If this happens, speak with the rude co-worker or if you aren’t comfortable speak with a supervisor.

11. Don’t Gossip

Gossiping is one of the quickest ways you can make a tough situation worse. Instead of digging a deep hole, be proactive in finding a solution. Playing the gossip game can cause further division between coworkers. While it’s certainly okay to let off some steam, make sure you do it during an appropriate time and place.

12. Stay Focused

If you ever become distracted by a negative co-worker, “snap out of it.” It can be very easy to become distracted but stay focused on your job at hand. Spend your energy toward performing your duties, not worrying about rude co-workers.

13. Surround Yourself With Good People. You’ve might have heard that like attracts like. This means that similar minded people gravitate to each other. Surround yourself with similar people to you. Fill your time up with positive people. You will see over time that positive people will seeking you.

14. Have A Strong Mindset. Bring a positive perspective to work. Negativity is always out there. But if you strengthen your mindset you can change how you react to negativity. There are ways you can bring a strong mindset to work such as journaling or meditating. Find out what works for you.

15. Strengthen Your Mindset

One way to deal with the rude coworker is to shift your perspective. Sure, negativity will always be there, but if you change how you respond to it- you’ll find it has much less of an effect on you. To do this, you may need to start with some self-growth exercises. Modalities such as meditation, journaling, affirmations, or subliminal message tapes can help you focus more on the positive. With practice, over time, you will notice that your reaction to these unpleasant colleagues will start to change. In fact, you might even be able to stand up to them (in a respectful way, of course).

Having a difficult co-worker is inevitable, but it doesn’t have to be a career killer.  You can learn a lot about yourself by how you end up handling a very challenging situation for millions of workers, in every industry across the country.  You aren’t alone, and you won’t be the last person to deal with it, so do your best for yourself and for those you are caring for. Figuring out how to deal with troublesome working environment circumstances, for example, annoying associate can train you a great deal about yourself and what conditions you work best in. On the off chance that a colleague is meddling with your capacity to function admirably, follow the above means to help settle the issues.

How to Write a Health Essay that Attracts People to Read

If you want people to spend their time reading your health essay, then you have to put so much effort into writing it. Also, bear in mind that any essay won’t attract people into reading it. What catches people’s attention is the topic that you choose. So ensure that you have chosen what most people find it interesting to read. Therefore, once you have this kind of topic, you can go ahead and write a health essay that most people will be so intrigued to read. Below are some of the most interesting topics that are more likely to attract people’s attention. There are plenty of resources concerning these topics for research as well.

The World Health Organization defines health as a state of mental, physical, and social well-being, and not merely physical well-being. Individuals who are healthy in mind are automatically healthy in their bodies. Good health is man’s greatest possession. A healthy person is one who can function up to his optimal capacity without any difficulty. Good health facilitates a lot of other body processes. Good health helps us to handle stress and combat with increasing pressures.

How to Choose a Health Essay Topic?

Of course, if you were given a clear task to write on a particular topic you won’t have to wreck your brains in search of something exciting and crucial to dwell on. There is no need in making a decision, which health problem or phenomena is more urgent at the moment or what is left in the shadows and needs to be enlightened at least in your essay.

In such a case, you can just relax, take things easy, and search for some info on the Internet or in books, and then have a rest. But if the situation is contrary, you will have to gather all your essay ideas and look through either one or two essay hook examples. The path of free choice is rather slippery, so be careful on your way. Bring together your forces and all your writing inspiration; the road may take some hours. And these next essay hacks are just for you.

So how do you think, what are the most popular essay topics concerning health nowadays? What do we face in everyday life? What do you hear on the radio or TV? What haunts us permanently? Maybe you already have a generalized idea of what to write in your mind, and the following will help you to concentrate on some particular thought or maybe change your decision. Now, let’s distinguish some of the health essay topics one by one.

To help students in writing academic essays and give speeches, we have provided long and short essays on health in this article. We have also added ten lines about fitness so that children can easily take part in competitions and win prizes.

1. Immunotherapies

Over the past few years, there has been a surge in interest in this form of cancer treatment. Immunotherapy therapies come in a number of ways, all of which help to improve the body’s immune system so that it can effectively target cancer cells. Proponents of this cancer therapy say that it will stop cancerous cells from developing and spreading by assisting the immune system in finding them.

While immunotherapies have received a lot of positive press, more research is needed to determine their actual efficacy in preventing cancer from spreading across the body. People want to know if it really works. As a consequence, this is a subject that your health essay should cover.

2. Internet and Electronics Usage and Personal Health

Over the last two decades, the widespread use of smartphones and technology has resulted in a profound shift in how people live their lives. People all over the world, especially families raising small children in a technologically enslaved society, are curious about the effects of constant cell phone use on mental and physical health.

According to some reports, when people spend a lot more time on their smartphones, they experience more anxiety and depression. Others argue that there isn’t any proof of this. There’s also the issue of what constitutes Internet addiction, which is constantly changing.

3. Sugar Avoidance

These past few years, news outlets have been churning out story after story about the health benefits of eliminating sugar from people’s diets. Many people believe it has undiscovered harmful effects on the body. Some health professionals believe that eliminating sugar from your diet may help with depression in some situations.

While there are numerous research studies on the effects of sugar on physical health, the effects of sugar on mood are a relatively new and common area of study. This is a subject that will be studied in a variety of ways and will pique the interest of those seeking knowledge about their own wellbeing.

4. Mindfulness

For many years, mindfulness has been a common subject in terms of meditation and exercise, but only recently have scientific researchers begun to explore the potential immediate health effects it can have on our bodies and minds. The science has progressed quickly, and there is still much more that can be added to this field of analysis.

Meditation that includes mindfulness has been shown to enhance certain biological functions as well as relieve stress, all of which have a significant effect on one’s health. According to some research, this technique can also help with depression and other psychiatric conditions.

5. Physical Health Alone is Not Everything

There is this stigma that surrounds mental health. People do not take mental illnesses seriously. To be completely fit, one must also be mentally fit. When people completely discredit mental illnesses, it creates a negative impact. For instance, you never tell a person with cancer to get over it and that it’s all in their head in comparison to someone dealing with depression. Similarly, we should treat mental health the same as physical health.

Parents always take care of their children’s physical needs. They feed them with nutritious foods and always dress up their wounds immediately. However, they fail to notice the deteriorating mental health of their child. Mostly so, because they do not give it that much importance. It is due to a lack of awareness amongst people.


Even amongst adults, you never know what a person is going through mentally.

Thus, we need to be able to recognize the signs of mental illnesses. A laughing person does not equal a happy person. We must not consider mental illnesses as a taboo and give it the attention it deserves to save people’s lives.

6. Health Care Service

One of the most critical issues concerning health is the cost of it. Nowadays there are ways to get free treatment as well as the paid. However, there are pitfalls in both options. Really, what’s the truth? Is it better to spend amounts of money and feel safe or to spend nothing and have doubts about the quality of treatment? I think the opinions here sharply vary, so consider these topics to research the issue:

  • Advantages and Disadvantages of Paid and Free Treatment;
  • Health Care: Should It Be For Free or Should We Pay For Our Treatment?
  • Pros and Cons of Health Insurance;
  • The Effects of Self-treatment: A Way to Harm or a Chance to Heal?
  • Compare and Contrast Essay on Public and Private Hospitals;
  • The True Cost of Free Health Care Services;

7. Euthanasia

The question of euthanasia always has been a great contradiction all over the world. Some cultures are rigorously against it; some do not actually mind such merciful death for the weak. And nobody has a clear opinion about it. The situation is quite similar to the question of the death penalty, but the main difference is in the roles of the subjects: the perpetrator and the victim of a serious illness. Who deserves such a relief as death? And does deserve it at all? If you have your strong ideas about it, pick a topic and develop them:

  • Can Death Be a Relief for a Patient?
  • Americans’ Attitudes toward Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide;
  • Does Patients Have a Natural Right to Die;
  • The Moral Issues of Euthanasia;
  • Pros and Cons of Euthanasia;
  • Compare and Contrast the Attitude to Euthanasia in Different Countries

All of these issues are currently being discussed, and a vast amount of scientific study is being published on them. You will contribute to a global conversation on health issues as they evolve by including these subjects in your essay.